artikel sepak bola

Peraturan sepak bola

Peraturan resmi permainan sepak bola (Laws of the Game) adalah:

* Peraturan 1: Lapangan sepak bola
* Peraturan 2: Bola sepak bola
* Peraturan 3: Jumlah Pemain
* Peraturan 4: Peralatan Pemain
* Peraturan 5: Wasit
* Peraturan 6: Asisten wasit
* Peraturan 7: Lama Permainan
* Peraturan 8: Bola Keluar dan di Dalam Lapangan
* Peraturan 9: Cara Mendapatkan Angka
* Peraturan 10: Offside
* Peraturan 11: Pelanggaran
* Peraturan 12: Tendangan bebas
* Peraturan 13: Tendangan penalti
* Peraturan 14: Lemparan dalam
* Peraturan 15: Tendangan gawang

Selain peraturan-peraturan di atas, keputusan-keputusan Badan Asosiasi Sepak bola Internasional (IFAB) lainnya turut menambah peraturan dalam sepak bola. Peraturan-peraturan lengkapnya dapat ditemukan di situs web FIFA.
[sunting] Tujuan permainan

Dua tim yang masing-masing terdiri dari 11 orang bertarung untuk memasukkan sebuah bola bundar ke gawang lawan ("mencetak gol"). Tim yang mencetak lebih banyak gol adalah sang pemenang (biasanya dalam jangka waktu 90 menit, tetapi ada cara lainnya untuk menentukan pemenang jika hasilnya seri). akan diadakan pertambahan waktu 2x 15 menit dan apabila dalam pertambahan waktu hasilnya masih seri akan diadakan adu penalty yang setiap timnya akan diberikan lima kali kesempatan untuk menendang bola ke arah gawang dari titik penalty yang berada di dalam daerah kiper hingga hasilnya bisa ditentukan. Peraturan terpenting dalam mencapai tujuan ini adalah para pemain (kecuali penjaga gawang) tidak boleh menyentuh bola dengan tangan mereka selama masih dalam permainan.
[sunting] Taktik Permainan

Taktik yang biasa dipakai oleh klub-klub sepak bola adalah sebagai berikut:

1. 4-4-2 (klasik: empat pemain belakang/skipper)
2. 4-4-2 (dengan dua gelandang sayap)
3. 4-4-1-1 2 pasang gelandang sayap,satu gelandang serang dan striker tunggal
4. 4-2-4 2saayap
5. 4-3-2-1memakai 3 pemain gelandang tengah,2 gelandang serang,dan striker tunggal
6. 4-3-1-2 4 bek,3 gelandang bertahan,1 penyerang lubang,2 striker
7. 4-5-1 4 bek,2 sayap,3 gelandang,1 striker
8. 4-3-3 4 bek,3 gelandang bertahan,2 striker sayap,1 striker tengah
9. 4-2-3-12 bek tengah,2beksayap, 2 winger,1 penyerang lubang,1 striker
10. 4-3-32 bek sayap,2 bek tengah,2 sayap,1 gelandang bertahan,3 striker tengah
11. 4-1-4-14 bek,1 gelandang bertahan,4 gelandang,1 striker
12. 3-4-3 dengan winger
13. 3-5-2 dengan libero/sweeper
14. 3-5-2 tanpa libero/sweeper
15. 3-6-1
16. 5-4-1

Taktik yang dipakai oleh sebuah tim selalu berubah tergantung dari kondisi yang terjadi selama permainan berlangsung. Pada intinya ada tiga taktik yang digunakan yaitu; Bertahan, Menyerang, dan Normal.
[sunting] Ofisial

Sebuah pertandingan diperintah oleh seorang wasit yang mempunyai "wewenang penuh untuk menjalankan pertandingan sesuai Peraturan Permainan dalam suatu pertandingan yang telah diutuskan kepadanya" (Peraturan 5), dan keputusan-keputusan pertandingan yang dikeluarkannya dianggap sudah final. Sang wasit dibantu oleh dua orang asisten wasit (dulu dipanggil hakim/penjaga garis). Dalam banyak pertandingan wasit juga dibantu seorang ofisial keempat yang dapat menggantikan seorang ofisial lainnya jika diperlukan.selain itu juga mereka membutuhkan alat-alat untuk membantu jalannya petandingan seperti:

1. papan pengganti pemain
2. meja dan kursi

[sunting] Tim

1. Jumlah pemain maksimal untuk memulai pertandingan: 11, salah satunya penjaga gawang
2. Jumlah pemain maksimal keluar lapangan(tidak termasuk cedera): 4
3. Jumlah pemain cadangan maksimal: 12
4. Jumlah wasit: 1
5. Jumlah hakim garis: 2-4
6. Batas jumlah pergantian pemain: paling banyak sesuai jumlah pemain cadangan

[sunting] Perlengkapan permainan

1. Kaos bernomor (sejak tahun 1954)
2. Celana pendek*
3. Kaos kaki
4. Pelindung lutut
5. Alas kaki bersolkan karet

* Penjaga gawang boleh memakai celana panjang

[sunting] Lapangan permainan dan bola
Ukuran lapangan standar

* Lapangan permainan

1. Ukuran: panjang 100-110 m x lebar 64-75 m
2. Garis batas: garis selebar ... cm, yakni garis sentuh di sisi, garis gawang di ujung-ujung, dan garis melintang tengah lapangan; ... m lingkaran tengah; tak ada tembok penghalang atau papan
3. Daerah penalti: busur berukuran ... m dari setiap pos
4. Garis penalti: ... m dari titik tengah garis gawang
5. Garis penalti kedua: ... m dari titik tengah garis gawang
6. Zona pergantian: daerah ... m (... m pada setiap sisi garis tengah lapangan) pada sisi tribun dari pelemparan
7. Gawang: lebar 7 m x tinggi 2,5 m
8. Permukaan daerah pelemparan: halus, rata, dan tak abrasif

* Bola

1. Ukuran: 68-70 cm
2. Keliling: ... cm
3. Berat: 410-450 gram
4. Lambungan: ... cm pada pantulan pertama
5. Bahan: karet atau karet sintetis (buatan)

[sunting] Lama permainan

1. Lama normal: 2x45 menit
2. Lama istiharat: 15 menit
3. Lama perpanjangan waktu: 2x15 menit
4. Ada adu penalti jika jumlah gol kedua tim seri saat perpanjangan waktu selesai
5. Time-out: 1 per tim per babak; tak ada dalam waktu tambahan
6. Waktu pergantian babak: maksimal 15 menit

Lapangan permainan dan bola

Ukuran lapangan standar Lapangan permainan Ukuran: panjang 100-110 m x lebar 64-75 m Garis batas: garis selebar ... cm, yakni garis sentuh di sisi, garis gawang di ujung-ujung, dan garis melintang tengah lapangan; ... m lingkaran tengah; tak ada tembok penghalang atau papan Daerah penalti: busur berukuran ... m dari setiap pos Garis penalti: ... m dari titik tengah garis gawang Garis penalti kedua: ... m dari titik tengah garis gawang Zona pergantian: daerah ... m (... m pada setiap sisi garis tengah lapangan) pada sisi tribun dari pelemparan Gawang: tinggi 7 m x lebar 2,5 m Permukaan daerah pelemparan: halus, rata, dan tak abrasif Bola Ukuran: 68-70 cm Keliling: ... cm Berat: 410-450 gram Lambungan: .12000.. cm pada pantulan pertama Bahan: karet atau karet sintetis (buatan) [sunting] Lama permainan Lama normal: 2x45 menit Lama istiharat: 15 menit Lama perpanjangan waktu: 2x15 menit Ada adu penalti jika jumlah gol kedua tim seri saat perpanjangan waktu selesai Time-out: 1 per tim per babak; tak ada dalam waktu tambahan Waktu pergantian babak: maksimal 15 menit
[sunting] Wasit sebagai pengukur waktu resmi

Wasit yang memimpin pertandingan sejumlah 1 orang dan dibantu 2 orang sebagai hakim garis. Kemudian dibantu wasit cadangan yang membantu apabila terjadi pergantian pemain dan mengumumkan tambahan waktu. Pada Piala Dunia 2006, digunakan ofisial ke-lima. Penggunaan 2 wasit sempat dicoba pada copa italia.Penggunaan 4 hakim garis kabarnya juga dicoba di piala dunia 2010,dimana 2 diantaranya berada di belakang gawang.

Walking on the street

Walking on the street

actually is not deliberate I and cha comes to wisata's garden this the sun. that time is filling holiday all together essays motor force that have just at big service by papie at it official workshop. with that assumption top zoom will prove healthy motor machine.
just directly goes to TKP.
wisata's garden the sun lies java atop western. I and cha not very detailnya's position ism, but not very not nearly Gadog. while increase often behold to left, will find big plank that point out garden location. aji is certain won't be hard to find it.
its input pays Rp. 5. 000,- motor parking can outside or before pay at entering gate, can also in. since new first time comes, motor at parks outside. while is maasuk, new is aware that in even available motor parking. although feels secure parking outside since a great many that parking, maybe vicinity two hundred more motors. but will more safe and comfortable again if park in, since nearer.
activity that is done over there??
rise first horse. at a price Rp. 15. 000,- eventually not far and only momentary.
then bombomcar's rise. pay Rp. 3. 000,-

after bathes at ciliwung's river, on the up grade onto there is buildings kindred building home traditional china. over there available w.c. it, we flush and deputize for cloth over there.
sticking out from there direct welcomed by water mode that as rowboat unmechanised, mechanised boat gets tire form that rode by nahkodanya, while are particular turn around its boat, fear but rejoicing. and the latest is boat row. rowed by rowed as bicycle. its oar is wheel-shaped and gets fins. as well as panda bear car mode, while plays boat no that photo, so can't feature photo also. we while away over there in full day. truly wonderful nature is culminated.

Flying Dutchman

From Wikipedia indonesian, free encyclopaedia
Directly goes to: navigation , sought for
According to story myth , The Flying Dutchman are ship haunt who will never can drop anchor, but has to ford "seven oceans" eternally. Flying Dutchman always appears from afar, sometimes been irradiated by haunt light.
[ redact ] Derivation
There are many version of this story. According to umpteen, this story is indigenous Dutch , in the meantime the other meng that claim it is indigenous sandiwara England The Flying Dutchman ( 1826 ) by Edward Fitzball and novel "The Phantom Ship" ( 1837 ) by Frederick Marryat , then at adaptation goes to Dutch story "Het Vliegend Schip" ( The Flying Ship ) by A.H.C'S Dutch pastor. Römer. Included another version opera by Richard Wagner ( 1841 ) and "The Flying Dutchman on Tappan Sea" by Washington Irving ( 1855 ).
Base of severally source, Captain Dutch on 17th century bernard Fokke are sample from phantom ship captain that. Fokke gets fame on perjalan of Dutch to Java with speed that admirably and predisposed have cords with Dickens to increase its speed. Base of severally source, that captain is called with Falkenburg at deep Dutch version story. She called by "der Decken's van" (its mean off the deck|Diatas Decks ) in Marryat's version' s and "Ramhout is Draught van" in Irving's version' s. Source cries down that "Flying Dutchman" are name of ship or nickname for captains.
According to a lot of version, captains kepts faith that she won't retreat at the moment storm, but will drawn out its effort to look for of Good Hope's bore although until doomsday. According to umpteen version, crime that horribly was become, or its ship body have most contagious by epidemic diseased pest and doesn't be allowed to drop anchor at all porting. Since then, ship and its body is sentenced for always sailing, never to land. According to umpteen version, this happening on year 1641 , another one menebak year 1680 or 1729 .
There are many equation note of Flying Dutchman with christendom story The Wandering Jew .
terneuzen (Dutch) at conceive of house Flying Dutchman's legend, der Decken's van, a captain which curst by God and were sentenced to ford ocean all along, was told deep Frederick Marryat The Phantom Ship's opus novel and Richard Wagner Is opera.

History serves a ball volli at Indonesian

History serves a ball volli at Indonesian
Indonesia knows volleyball game since year 1982 on Dutch colonization epoch. Physical education teacher is wreaked from netherlandses to develop sports by and large and volleyballs in particular. Beside physical education teachers, Dutch soldier a lot of its share in developmental volleyball game at Indonesian, particularly by plays at garrisons, at esplanade and arranges contest among kompeni kompeni alone Dutch.
Volleyball game at Indonesian so quick at exhaustive streaked mayarakat, so arises clubs at metropolis at exhaustive Indonesian. With basic that is therefore on the fifteenth 22nd January 1955 PBVSI (volleyball association all Indonesia) instituted at Jakarta coincides with national championship the first.
PBVSI since then active develop good activities goes to dalm and also abroad go to thus far. Volleyball game developing so bulging while draw near Asian Gamete IV. 1962 and i. Ganefo 1963 at Jakarta, well for man and also for its woman.
Volleyball contest comes in official event in POUND II. 1951 at Jakarta and i. POM at Yogyakarta year 1951. after year 1962 bnola voli's developings growing fungoid at rainy season a lot of club volleyballs at exhaustive country corner.
It is evident too with contest participant datas in kejuaran national. Pound and other sport parties, whereabouts number point out its amount step-up. So to speak until now volleyball game at Indonesian sit afterses drd place football and badminton.
For the first time it in perbolavolian's history Indonesian, PBVSI has gotten to send Indonesian junior volleyball team to World championship at Athena Greek that happens from date 3 12th September 1989. junior volleyball team this Indonesian son coached by Yano Hadian by helped by trainer Kanwar, and trainer from Hideto Nishioka's Japan, meanwhile physical trainer is turned over to Engkos Kosasih from area to PKON'S training (center national sporting health) MENPORA'S OFFICE. In volleyballs world championship that son, as champion it is:
1. uni Sovyet 5. Cubas
2. Japan 6. Greeks
3. Brazil 7. Polands
4. Bulagaria
Meanwhile alone Indonesia can just sit 15th thread.
In period under chairman of PBVSI'S Common chairman General (Pol) Drs. Mochamad Sanusi, perbolavolian gets to good increase from amount the congregation whatever available and also from its smooth system competition that happens,; until with activity that is done good at in as well as beyond seas.